1. As Maldwyn Jones, American Immigration (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1959), states, the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 did not truly liberalize the quota system (p. 286).
2. Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 7.
3. Ibid., p. 8.
4. Ibid., p. 7; Aristides Zolberg, A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 255–6, 269–70.
5. Cecilia O’Leary, To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), p. 231. John W. Baer put it thus: ‘The Pledge was now both a patriotic oath and a public prayer.’ See his ‘The Pledge of Allegiance: A Short History’, at http://history.vineyard.net/pledge.htm (accessed 20 August 2014); Lee Canipe, ‘Under God and Anti-Communist: How the Pledge of Allegiance Got Religion in Cold War America’, Journal of Church and State, 45 (Spring 2003), 310, 314.