1. James F. Kenney, The Sources for the Early History of Ireland: Ecclesiastical. An Introduction and Guide (New York, 1929), p. 601 (no. 420).
2. Admonitio Generalis (789), c. 72, ed. A. Boretius, MGH Capit. 1 (Hanover, 1883), pp. 52–62, at p. 60; trans. P.D. King, Charlemagne: Translated Sources (Kendal, 1987), pp. 209–20, at p. 217.
3. Donald A. Bullough, ‘Aula Renovata: the Carolingian Court before the Aachen Palace’, Proceedings of the British Academy 71 (1985), 267–301, reprinted in:
4. Donald A. Bullough, ed., Carolingian Renewal: Sources and Heritage (Manchester, 1991), pp. 123–60, at p. 139.
5. On the Carolingian study of grammar, see Vivien Law, Grammar and Grammarians in the Early Middle Ages (London, 1997), esp. pp. 70–90 and 129–63.