1. Kristine Edmondson Haney, The Winchester Psalter: An Iconographic Study (Leicester: University of Leicester Press, 1986), p. 103.
2. The seminal discussion of the crusades as a colonizing movement is Joshua Prawer, The Crusaders Kingdom (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972).
3. Robert Bartlett, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950-1350 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) on the distinctive character of medieval colonization.
4. Alan Ambrisco, “Cannibalism and Cultural Encounters in Richard Coeur de Lion” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 29.3 (1999): 501–528.
5. Geraldine Heng, Empire of Magic: Medieval Romance and the Politics of Cultural Fantasy, New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Although see her discussion at p. 334 n3.