1. The Irish tradition of seasonal work dates at least back to the sixteenth century and the cod fisheries of maritime provinces of Canada. Thomas P. Power (ed.), The Irish in Atlantic Canada, 1780–1900 (Fredericton, 1991), p. 7.
2. W. Cobbett, Manchester Lecturer (1832), p. 163.
3. See O’Dowd, Spalpeens and Tatie Hokers and Heather Holmes, As Good as a Holiday: Potato Harvesting in the Lothians from 1870 to the Present (East Linton, 2000).
4. J. A. Patmore, ‘A Navvy gang of 1851’, Journal of Transport History, 5 (1962); T. Coleman, The Railway Navvies (London, 1965)
5. J. E. Handley, The Navvy in Scotland (Cork, 1970); D. Brooke, ‘Railway navvies on the Pennines 1841–71’, Journal of Transport History, 3 (1975–6).