1. D. H. Akenson, Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815–1922 (Dublin, 1988), Appendix H, p. 182.
2. See, for example, T. G. Fraser, ‘Ireland and India’, in K. Jeffrey (ed.), ‘An Irish Empire’? Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire (Manchester, 1996).
3. More generally, see K. Kenny (ed.), Ireland and the British Empire (Oxford, 2004).
4. David Fitzpatrick, ‘Emigration, 1870–1921’, in Vaughan, A New History of Ireland, vol. VI, pp. 612–13; C. Ó Gráda, Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939 (Oxford, 1994), pp. 225–8. For female migration, also see two essays by
5. David Fitzpatrick: ‘“A share of the honeycomb”: Education, emigration and Irishwomen’, Continuity and Change, 1 (1986), pp. 217–34, and ‘The modernisation of the Irish female’, in P. O’Flanagan, P. Ferguson and K. Whelan (eds), Rural Ireland, 1600–1900: Modernisation and Change (Cork, 1986).