1. S. Du, Improving Process Design in Steelmaking, Fundamentals of Metallurgy (Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2005), pp. 369–398.
2. A. Ghosh, Secondary Steel Making: Principles and Applications (Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001).
3. G.J.W. Kors and P.C. Glaws, Ladle Refining and Vacuum Degassing, the Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (Pittsburgh: The AISE Steel Foundation, 1998), pp. 661–713.
4. S. Kim and R.J. Fruehan, Metall. Trans. B 18B, 381–390 (1987).
5. K. Mori, Trans. ISIJ 28, 246–261 (1988).