1. Ralph A, Alpher and Robert C. Herman, “Early work on ‘big bang’ cosmology and the cosmic blackbody radiation,” in R. Bertotti, R. Babinot, S. Bergia and A. Messina, eds., Modern Cosmology in Retrospect (Cambridge, New York, Port Chester, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 129–157, on p. 129.
2. Interview of Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman by Martin Harwit on August 11, 1983, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, American Institute of Phyiscs, College Park, MD USA, www.aip.org/history/ohlist/LINK , p. 17 of 78.
3. Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman, “Evolution of the Universe,” Nature 162 (November 13, 1948), 774-775; Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman, “On the Relative Abundance of the Elements,” The Physical Review 74 (1948), 1737-1742.
4. Ralph A. Alpher, “George Gamow and the Big Bang Model. Part I. Cosmochemistry in the Early Universe,” in E. Harper, W.C. Parke, and G.D. Anderson, ed., The George Gamow Symposium. Sponsored by The George Washington University and the Carnegie Institution of Washington 12 April 1996 (San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1997), pp. 49-68, on p. 53.
5. James D. Watson, The Double Helix: A personal account of the discovery of the structure of DNA (New York: Antheneum and London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1968).