1. Alan E. Shapiro, “Newton’s Optics and Atomism,” in The Cambridge Companion to Newton, ed. I. Bernard Cohen and George E. Smith, 227–55 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 227.
2. For a list of subjects Newton discussed in the “Queries,” see Derek Gjertsen, The Newton Handbook (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986), 519–20.
3. For an overview of the reception of Newtonian doctrines in Europe, see Helmut Pulte and Scott Mandelbrote, eds., The Reception of Isaac Newton in Europe, vol. 1 (London: Bloomsbury, 2019).
4. An early analysis of these mechanical models was made by Geoffrey Cantor, Optics after Newton: Theories of Light in Britain and Ireland, 1704–1840 (Manchester: Manchester University Press 1983), 32–42
5. Isaac Newton, The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, trans. I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 622.