1. For Borelli's theories see Giovanni Borelli, De motu animalium, 2 vols. (Rome: A. Bernabo, 1680?1681); Dictionary of Scientific Biography, II, 306?314; E. Bastholm, History of Muscle Physiology, trans. W. E. Calvert (Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1950), pp. 164?174; R. S. Westfall, Force in Newton's Physics (London: Macdonald, 1971), pp. 213?230; L. S. King, The Philosophy of Medicine: The Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978), pp. 102?109. For Bellini see Lorenzo Bellini, De urinis et pulsibus et missione sanguinis (1683; rpt. ed., Frankfurt: J. Gross, 1685); idem, A Mechanical Account of Fevers (London: A. Bell, 1720); Dictionary of Scientific Biography, I, 592?594; Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, VII, 713?716. On the Boyleian mechanists see Robert G. Frank, Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980). On mechanical physiology generally see Theodore M. Brown, The Mechanical Philosophy and the ?Animal Oeconomy? (New York: Arno Press, 1981).
2. Isaac Newton, ?De natura acidorum,? in The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, ed. H. W. Turnbull et al., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961), III, 202?214; idem, Opticks (4th ed., 1730; rpt. ed.New York: Dover, 1952), query 31, pp. 375?406.
3. On this group see Anita Guerrini, ?Newtonian Matter Theory, Chemistry, and Medicine, 1690?1713,? (Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1983).
4. Isaac Newton, Principia, trans. from 3rd ed. (1726) by Andrew Motte, rev. Florian Cajori (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1934), p. 547; idem, Opticks, queries 17?24, pp. 347?354.
5. See in particular Theodore M. Brown, ?From Mechanism to Vitalism in Eighteenth-Century English Physiology,? J. Hist. Biol., 7 (1974), 179?216.