1. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy: Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 2001, 285:785–795.
2. • Kanis JA, on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group: Assessment of Osteoporosis at the Primary Health-Care Level. Technical Report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007. This is a well-referenced detailed review of the rationale and methods for developing FRAX, the WHO computer-based fracture risk algorithm.
3. • World Health Organization: FRAX WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. Available at http://www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/ . Accessed November 2009. The link to the online version of FRAX provides for input of BMD and VFA for estimation of the 10-year probability of fracture. This website is periodically updated to account for new data and the addition of new countries.
4. •• Baim S, Binkley N, Bilezikian JP, et al.: Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry and executive summary of the 2007 ISCD Position Development Conference. J Clin Densitom 2008, 11:75–91. The ISCD Official Positions provide essential quality standards for the acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of BMD measurements and spine imaging with VFA.
5. Lewiecki EM, Laster AJ: Clinical applications of vertebral fracture assessment by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:4215–4222.