Asymptotic formulas of the eigenvalues for the linearization of a one-dimensional sinh-Poisson equation

Abstract

AbstractWe are concerned with a Neumann problem of a one-dimensional sinh-Poisson equation $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u''+\lambda \sinh u=0 &{} \text {for}\ 0<x<1,\\ u'(0)=u'(1)=0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$ u ′ ′ + λ sinh u = 0 for 0 < x < 1 , u ′ ( 0 ) = u ′ ( 1 ) = 0 , where $$\lambda >0$$ λ > 0 is a parameter. A complete bifurcation diagram of this problem is obtained. We also consider the linearized eigenvalue problem at every nontrivial solution u. We derive exact expressions of all the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, using Jacobi elliptic functions and complete elliptic integrals. Then, we also derive asymptotic formulas of eigenvalues as $$\lambda \rightarrow 0$$ λ → 0 . Exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for a Dirichlet problem are presented without proof. The main technical tool is an ODE technique.