1. Veatch, R. Death, Dying, and the Biological Revolution, 1st ed., New Haven: Yale University Press; 1976. “That it is morally expendable because it is unusual seems preposterous. In the same light it does not seem reasonable to require a treatment simply because it is usually provided. If that were the case no change in policy could ever take place.... Ordinary must have some relation to usual. That, at least, is its common meaning outside of medical ethics, but reference to its common use simply confuses its meaning in the medical context today” (pp. 107, 110).
2. Letsch SZ. Levit KR., Waldo DR. National health expenditures, 1987. Health Care Financing Review. 10 (1988).
3. Health Care Financing Administration, Office of the Actuary, Division of Health Cost Estimates. National health expenditures, 1986–2000. Health Care Financing Review 8; 1987.
4. Scheiber, GJ, Poullier, JP. International health care spending. Health Affairs. 5: 111–22; 1986. In 1984 $U.S. as PPP: Greece, $287 per capita health ($6,300 per capita income); Japan, $818 per capita health ($12,419 income); U.S., $1,637 per capita health ($15,357 income).
5. World Health Statistics Annual 1988. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988: 80–83. Life expectancy at various ages (males):