Open hardware microsecond dispersive transient absorption spectrometer for linear optical response

Abstract

Abstract An open hardware design and implementation for a transient absorption spectrometer are presented that has microsecond time resolution and measures full difference spectra in the visible spectral region from 380 to 750 nm. The instrument has been designed to allow transient absorption spectroscopy measurements of either low or high quantum yield processes by combining intense sub-microsecond excitation flashes using a xenon lamp together with stroboscopic non-actinic white light probing using LED sources driven under high pulsed current from a capacitor bank. The instrument is sensitive to resolve 0.15 mOD flash-induced differences within 1000 measurements at 20 Hz repetition rate using an inexpensive CCD sensor with 200 μm pixel dimension, 40 K electrons full well capacity and a dynamic range of 1800. The excitation flash has 230 ns pulse duration and the 2 mJ flash energy allows spectral filtering while retaining high power density with focussing to generate mOD signals in the 10–4–10–1 ΔOD range. We present the full electronics design and construction of the flash and probe sources, the optics as well as the timing electronics and CCD spectrometer operation and modification for internal signal referencing. The performance characterisation and example measurements are demonstrated using microsecond TAS of Congo red dye, as an example of a low quantum yield photoreaction at 2% with up to 78% of molecules excited. The instrument is fully open hardware and combines inexpensive selection of commercial components, optics and electronics and allows linear response measurements of photoinduced reactions for the purpose of accurate global analysis of chemical dynamics. Graphical abstract