The diagnostic process features of recurrent aphthous stomatitis depending on the clinical and morphological form

Abstract

Summary. This article describes the clinical course features of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and unifies the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, taking into account subjective and objective components. The clinical characteristics of recurrent aphthous stomatitis various forms were carried out in accordance with the WHO classification and systematized in a table. The aim of the study – to unify the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis based on the analysis of subjective and objective components of the diagnostic process. Materials and Methods. A clinical dental examination was carried out according to generally accepted criteria to achieve the goal, the results were recorded in the outpatient card of the dental patient 0–43/o. 60 patients of both sexes, aged from 18 to 40 years old were screened. Results and Discussion. The minor form (fibrinous, Mikulich's aphtha) accounts for 65 %, major (necrotic, Setton's aphtha) – 18.3 %, herpetiform – 16.7 % in the structure of RAS. Minor form: 2–3 sharply painful aphthae, from 2–3 mm to 1 cm in size, located on an inflammatory background. Localization: the oral mucous is represented by a stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium (lips, cheeks, transitional folds, lateral surfaces of the tongue). Epithelialization: 7–14 days, without the formation of a scar. Major form: a single intra-connective tissue defect, 1–1.5 cm in size. Localization: the oral mucous is represented by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and is primarily affected with subsequent spread to the keratinized one. Epithelialization: up to 1 month with subsequent scarring and deformations of the oral mucousa. Herpetiform: a large number of small superficial aphthae, located in groups and have a tendency to merge. Localization: this form initially is manifested on oral mucous of the masticatory type with subsequent involvement of all types in the process. Epithelialization: up to 7–10 days, in some cases a permanent course is noted. According to the results of anamnestic data, risk factors should be taken into consideration, namely genetic predisposition, immunological status, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and ENT organs. Conclusions. A clinical differential table of 3 various forms was designed, including the following characteristics: localization of lesions, duration of the process and appearance of the elements. It helps to distinguish this disease from others and within their forms.