Histological changes in the structural components of the gums in lipopolysaccharide periodontitis

Abstract

Summary. Inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues are one of the most important problems in dentistry. There is a strong connection between periodontal pathology and inflammatory diseases of the stomach. The aim of the study – to investigate pathomorphological changes in rat periodontal tissues with generalized lipopolysaccharide periodontitis associated with chronic atrophic gastritis. Мaterials and Methods. The experiments were performed on white outbred male rats weighing 160–180 g. 30 animals were used during the work. The tested animals were divided into the following groups: I – intact rats (control); II – animals with a model of generalized lipopolysaccharide periodontitis. For a morphological study of the periodontium, a fragment of the upper jaw was isolated. Histological preparations were studied using an SEOSCAN light microscope. Such classical research methods make it possible to study the structure of tissues, as well as the nature and depth of morphological changes, the sequence of development of destructive and regenerative processes. Results and Discussion. It has been established that with generalized lipopolysaccharide periodontitis, a reorganization of all structural components of the gum tissue occurs. It is manifested by changes in the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the gums, an increase in the stratum corneum, a decrease in the spinous layer, expansion of intercellular spaces, growth of lymphocytic infiltration, swelling of the connective tissue of the mucous membrane, expansion, blood filling of veins and hemocapillaries, cells of the walls of fibrous structures. Conclusions. Concomitant chronic atrophic gastritis significantly aggravates the pathomorphological picture of periodontitis induced in animals by the endotoxin of gram-negative microflora lipopolysaccharide.