The Effect of Wi-Fi Radiation on the Mineralization and Oxidative Stress of Osteoblasts

Abstract

Some articles reported that Wi-Fi radiation induced oxidative stress (OS) in cells and vital organs. However, the possible effects of Wi-Fi electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on bone cells have not yet been investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in cell incubators during induced differentiation and placed 3 cm from Wi-Fi antenna. A 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi signal, transmitted between a Wi-Fi router and a laptop Wi-Fi antenna, radiated on cells for 30 min/day over a 7-day period. The two modes of the Wi-Fi irradiation were 100 mW and 500 mW. The specific absorption rates (SARs) in the cell layer by 100 mW and 500 mW Wi-Fi were 0.1671 W/kg and 0.8356 W/kg, respectively, represented as SARa and SARb, and the cell layer temperature increased by 0.065°C and 0.32°C, respectively, after 30 min of irradiation by finite difference-time domain (FDTD) simulation. The cell oxidative stress indexes were measured by a microplate reader, and the calcified nodules were examined by alizarin red S staining. At a 3-cm close range, 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi radiation increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osteoblasts with the increase of irradiation time, and the quantity of mineralization slightly depended on the radiation intensity.