ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN Urochloa plantaginea AND Urochloa platyphylla UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS

Abstract

Urochloa plantaginea and Urochloa platyphylla are common weeds in the highland area. However, in recent years, they have been found in wetlands and poorly drained soils, but the biology and behavior of the species in these conditions are not known. Thus, the objective was to assess anatomical changes in plants of Urochloa plantaginea and Urochloa platyphylla grown under different soil moisture conditions, as well as the adaptive structures generated as a result of each environment. A completely randomized experimental design in the form of a 2x2 factorial design was used, with factor A being two species of Urochloa (U. plantaginea and U. platyphylla), and species B being three soil moisture conditions (50 and 100% FC and 5 cm water depth), with four repetitions. The assessments were performed by means of anatomical cuts, observing the number and diameter (micrometers - μm) of aerenchymas in stems, roots and leaves; total diameter and the central root cylinder (μm); diameter of the fistula medulla and cortex (μm) in stems; mesophyll thickness and leaf midrib (μm). It was found that, for the two species of Urochloa, the water depth condition induced an increase in the number and diameter of aerenchymas in roots and leaves and provided a larger diameter of the fistulous pith in stems. The diameter of the central cylinder and the thickness of the leaf mesophyll midrib were more compact at 50% FC, also, for both species. Therefore, the adaptive structures generated vary as a result of the field capacity of the soil.