Gestational Thrombophilia

Abstract

The woman's body undergoes several physiological changes during the gestational period. Risk factors and comorbidities can cause pathophysiological changes in this period, especially in the maternal vascular system, triggering thrombophilia. This clotting disorder increases the thrombus formation risk, especially in the uteroplacental circulation. The study aimed to conduct a thorough review of the main approaches to diagnosis and treatment in reducing patient morbidity and mortality. This is an integrative review with qualitative data searched in Pubmed, BVS and Cochrane Library. A total of 624 studies were found, 591 were excluded outside the inclusion criteria, and 33 were selected. According to the careful search, thrombophilias can be hereditary or acquired, the former when there is a predisposition to venous occlusion and the latter from other clinical conditions. Pregnancy is a pro-thrombotic event and increases the chances of thrombus occurrence, triggering a series of pregnancy complications, such as intrauterine death, early or late miscarriage, and premature birth. However, if diagnosed early, there is a favorable prognosis for the woman and the fetus. To reduce these impacts of gestational thrombophilia, it is imperative to train primary health care and private clinics professionals to promote and treat health and basic diagnostic tests on pregnant women. Thus, performing early intervention avoiding the development of maternal-fetal complications.