Advances in the Investigation of Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Function in Heart Disease Over the Past Decades (Literature Review and Own Results)

Abstract

Introduction. Studies of vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction induced by different cardiological pathologies are far from complete. The aim of the study. To analyze recent advances in the investigation of vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction on the background of cardiological diseases according to literature database and own research results. Materials and methods. Literature survey of 49 articles was supplemented with own research results. Results. By means of dopplerography it was detected brachial artery hypertrophy, which is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Endothelium, which secretes vasoactive substances (nitric oxide – NO, endothelin-1, prostacyclin, thromboxane, etc.) plays an important role in the histophysiology of coronary arteries. Dysfunction of endothelium plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart failure even before the appearance of clinical signs of diseases. In myocardial infarction, the development of endothelial dysfunction was detected by various methods. The predictors of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction with elevated ST-segment include a violation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation as revealed by test for hyperemia. Similarly, an unfavorable prognostic factor in myocardial infarction is the increased level of endothelin-1. Conclusions. In patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic remodeling of the brachial artery alongside with a decrease in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were detected by various older and new methodes. Currently it is generally accepted that changes in arteries and disruption of endothelial function are the root cause of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. On the basis of the conducted research, correction of the detected changes is carried out, aimed at preventing the progression of diseases of the cardiovascular system. Keywords: vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, heart diseases.