ASSESSMENT OF LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Abstract

Introduction. It has been assumed that generalized periodontitis (GP) adversely affects the qualitative and quantitative composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. On the other hand, periodontal treatment and reduction of general periodontal pocket infection in patients with GP are associated with a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the state of lipid metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the GP severity. Methods. The study included 101 patients (mean±SD age - 58.2 ± 8.3 years) with CAD and GP, 58 men (57.4%) and 43 women (42.6%). According to the severity of GP, study participants were divided into 3 groups: group I - patients with CAD and GP stage I (initial periodontitis), group II - patients with CAD and GP stage II (moderate periodontitis) and group III - patients with CAD and GP stage III and IV (severe periodontitis). The control group included 9 patients with CAD and clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium (mean±SD age - 56.3 ± 6.1 years), 5 men (55.6%) and 4 women (44.4%). The diagnosis of CAD and the results of lipid metabolism were obtained by analyzing the inpatient medical records. Results. It was revealed that the values of TC, LDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), TG and atherogenic coefficient (AC) were lower in the group of patients with CAD and clinical gingival health compared to the level of the corresponding indicators in the groups of patients with CAD and GP (p<0.05). In the analysis of lipid profile in patients with CAD and GP of varying severity, it was found that the average levels of TC, LDL-C, and AC in the subjects of group I were significantly lower compared to the corresponding indicators of groups II and III (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the values of lipid metabolism in groups II and III (p>0.05). No significant difference was found in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels between the comparison groups including the patients with CAD and clinical gingival health (p>0.05), as well as the gender characteristics of the analyzed indicators in the examined patients. Conclusions. Average levels of TC, LDL-C, and AC in patients with CAD and GP increase with increasing destructive-inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues, therefore, with the severity of GP indicating the progression of atherogenesis along with the increased inflammatory process in the periodontium