Effect and safety of ripretinib in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND Imatinib (IMA) has received approval as the primary treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Nonetheless, approximately half of the patients with advanced GIST show disease advancement following IMA treatment. Presently, the efficacy of secondary and tertiary medications in addressing various GIST secondary mutations is somewhat restricted. Consequently, there is a significant medical demand for the creation of kinase inhibitors that extensively block secondary drug-resistant mutations in advanced GIST. Ripretinib (RPT) is a new, switch-control tyrosine kinase inhibitors that can suppress different mutations of KIT and PDGFRA via a dual mechanism of action. AIM To investigate the literature on RPT to assess an effective, safe, and successful treatment strategy against advanced GIST. METHODS The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were screened from January 1, 2003 to May 1, 2024. RESULTS A total of 4 studies were included, with a total of 507 patients enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) of the RPT-treated advanced GIST was 17% (95%CI: 0.11-0.27), while the disease control rate (DCR) was 66% (95%CI: 0.59-0.73). The overall occurrence of adverse events with varying degrees was 97% (95%CI: 0.93-1), whereas that of grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions was 42% (95%CI: 0.28-0.63). The sensitivity analysis revealed that omitting some studies did not yield statistically notable variances in the aggregate data regarding the ORR, DCR, and the occurrence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher. The publication bias was absent because no significant asymmetry was observed in Begg’s funnel plot in all studies. CONCLUSION RPT has favorable efficacy profiles in GIST patients, but the adverse reactions are obvious, and patient management needs to be strengthened to achieve better safety and tolerability.