MATERNAL ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOME – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background And Objective: Maternal anemia during pregnancy has huge adverse impact on both fetal and mother well being. The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic factors and to know the adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Methodology: A retrospective study was done from 2017 April to May 2020 April for a period of three years at PHC, Ankalagi, Belagavi. Over 718 pregnant women were enrolled. Regular ANC was done. Data was collected on Maternal Age, Body mass Index (BMI), Number of parity and Socio-economic determinants. A hemoglobin level was done for all trimesters. Hemoglobin levels were estimated by Sahil's hemoglobinometer method. Results: Mean age was 18±39 yrs. Anemia among pregnant women was 60.30%. Nearly 347(48.32%) were mild anemic (Hb: 9-10.9g/L), 84(11.69%) were moderately anemic(Hb :7-8.9g/L) & 8(1.11%)were severe anemic (Hb :<7g/L). Increased anemic showed in the maternal age group between 31-35years (96%) and in group of underweight of about 84% and in the parity with gravid 6&7 (100%). Maternal complications were in the form of preterm labour(3.06%), PPH(2.08%), LSCS(22.42%), abortions(14.90%), and neonatal outcomes were analyzed in terms of still born(0.4%) , low birth weight(11%), NICU admissions(2.36%), and neonatal death(0.13%). Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is associated with maternal and perinatal complications. It is one of the preventable causes which can decrease the maternal & fetal mortality. Should reinforce the health education from adolescent girls, with regular antenatal check up and active participation of ASHA workers. A more focussed approach is required towards pregnant women in rural areas.