ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COVID-19: EARLY DIAGNOSTIC AID?

Abstract

The outbreak of coronavirus disease which has rapidly escalated into a global pandemic continues to have disastrous health, economic and social effects on the human population. It has markedly affected the delivery of healthcare services all over the world. Early diagnosis of the disease is imperative to contain the spread of the viral infection. The main clinical signs and symptoms produced by SARS-CoV2 have been well described in the literature. However, there is emerging evidence on the oral lesions that may indicate the presence of COVID-19 infection. Since the virus has affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors present in the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, tongue and salivary glands, the oral cavity serves as a major habitat for invasion of the virus. Thus, COVID-19 infection can affect the functioning of salivary glands, integrity of oral mucosa and can also cause alterations in sense of taste and smell. Good oral hygiene can decrease the incidence and severity of the main complications of COVID-19. The present review analyses the available evidence in relation to oral manifestations which are expressed in the course of the coronavirus disease and how it can aid in diagnosing the disease further.