A STUDY OF NAIL CHANGES AND DISORDERS IN ELDERLY AT SKMCH MUZAFFARPUR, BIHAR

Abstract

Background: Nail changes associated with ageing are common in the elderly and include characteristic modications of color, contour, growth, surface, thickness and histology. No cutaneous examination is complete without a careful clinical evaluation of the nails. Objective: The aim of present work is to assess the nail changes and disorders in elderly people compared with control age group (20 - 30 years old). Material and methods: This case-controlled, cross-sectional study was performed in the outpatient of Dermatology and Venereology and Leprosy Department at Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital Muzaffarpur in the period from August 2020 to March 2021. The study included 200 subjects, of which 100 patients were above 50 years old (study group), and the other 100 subjects were from 20 - 30 years old (control group). A detailed history from each subject was recorded to detect the onset, duration and progression of nail changes and/or disorders, their occupation and any environmental exposure. A careful examination of the nails was carried out to assess the type of nail changes, site and symmetry. Any patient with systemic disease, dermatological disease or with suspected drug intake was excluded from the study. The present work has shown Results: that many nail changes were more frequent among older age individuals than younger age group with signicant statistical difference (p = 0.043 - 0.000) like dull opaque appearance, rough lusterlessness, longitudinal ridg-ing, altered thickness, ragged cuticle, altered contour, subungual hyperkeratosis and scaling nail folds. Chromonychia was not statistically signicant (14% of study group versus 16% of the control) with p = 0.692. Longitudinal melanonychia was signicantly higher in the study group (6% versus 0% of the control) with p = 0.013, while punctate leukonychia was signicantly higher in the control group (16% versus 4% of study group) with p = 0.005. Conclusion: Some changes of the nail are signicantly correlated with advanced age like dull opaque nails, rough lusterlessness, longitudinal ridging. Therefore, these signs can be regarded as indicative of ageing of healthy people.