Affiliation:
1. Associate Professor in General Surgery, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
2. MBBS-Intern, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Introduction: Drains are used as an integral tool in surgical practice, and have been used since the mid-1800s but, in recent years it is starting to be
understood that the presence of a surgical drain and its prolonged use may be associated with an increased risk of infection. We aimed to identify
whether drains could be considered an independent risk factor to ascending infections. Methods: The study aims to establish a correlation between
ascending infection and the duration of drain usage. Thus, to minimise confounding variables that may lead to bacterial inoculation, this study only
includes in situ drain tips from patients undergoing a clean surgery (with CDC class 1 wound) with a drain retained in situ for at least 72 hours. A
positive culture is inferred as biolm formation, which is taken to be a precursor to ascending infection.(n=43). Findings: This study demonstrates
an increasing trend of biolm formation within drains in situ with time. It ranges from 4.8-14.3% in patients who had drains in situ for 72 to 96
hours, to up to 28.6% after 96 hours. Even though an increasing trend is seen, the study could not prove that a statistically signicant correlation
exists between the infection due to the post-op usage of a drain and the time it is left in situ (p=0.343), even with possible skin contaminants being
considered as positive results (p=0.453). Conclusion: There seems to be an increasing trend of infection with time but, since the scope of this study
was limited by its small sample size, replication studies with a larger sample size and randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses on the topic are
still required to ascertain correlation and causality. Summary: We aimed at nding a correlation between the duration of drain placement and
ascending infection towards the surgical site. The results of this study indicate that with a longer usage time, there is a rise in rates of biolm
formation. The importance of this nding is that it points towards surgical drains as being one of the etiological factors of infection, but the same
cannot be said conclusively and solely based on this study, and requires further investigation in the form of larger and more rigorous studies.