A STUDY OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RIB FRACTURES FOLLOWING TRAUMA PATIENTS IN OUR INSTITUTION

Abstract

Background: Surgical management of chest wall injuries has received increasing attention in recent years. The aim of this thesis was to study the mechanism of injury (MOI) in relation to chest wall injury patterns and short- and long-term outcome of surgery in patients with multiple rib fractures and unstable thoracic cage injuries. Methods: Paper I is a retrospective study (n=211) of the association of MOI and injury patterns in patients operated for acute chest wall injuries. Paper II is a prospective longitudinal study (n=54) of the long-term outcome of surgery in patients with multiple rib fractures and ail chest. Paper III is a cross-sectional study (n=37) of the use of CT-lung volume estimation as a marker for lung function in patients operated for ail chest. Paper IVis a prospective controlled study (n=139) of the short- and long-term outcome of surgery in patients with unstable thoracic cage injuries. Results: The MOI differs according to age and is associated with different chest wall injury patterns. Lateral and posterior ail segments are the most commonly seen. Symptoms of pain, lung function and Quality of Life (QoL), improve during the rst post-operative year. CT-lung volume estimates increase signicantly from pre- operative values to post-operative values and there is a high correlation between post-operative CT-lung volume and lung function. Surgery for unstable thoracic cage injuries does not decrease the need for mechanical ventilation. However, surgically managed with rib plating patients have a decreased incidence of pneumonia (17% vs. 36%, p=0.013) and less pain (29% vs. 57%, p<0.05) the rst months' post trauma. Patients operated without thoracotomy have a better residual lung function and lung volume. A gradual improvement in patient symptoms was seen and after one year there was no difference in symptoms, function or QoL between surgically managed with rib plating and conservatively managed patients. Conclusions: The MOI inuences rib fracture pattern and associated injuries. Lung volume estimated by CT can be used as a marker for lung function. Surgery for unstable thoracic cage injuries decreases the incidence of pneumonia and reduces pain. Patients continue to improve graduallyandnodifference canbe seenbetweenthe surgicallymanagedwithribplatingandconservativelymanagedpatients oneyearposttrauma.