STUDY OF MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND THEIR RELATION TO SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesemia in diabetes indicates secondary magnesium deciency. It has been proposed that osmotic diuresis is reason for magnesium loss. Glycosuria which accompanies the diabetic state, impairs magnesium reabsorption from renal tubules. Present study aims to estimate serum magnesium levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and to correlate the serum magnesium levels with microvascular complications of diabetes-retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess microvascular complications in T2DM related retinopathy , nephropathy , neuropathy and its correlation with serum magnesium levels. To assess the severity of microvascular complications in relation to serum magnesium levels. METHODS: 100 patients with diabetes mellitus who were admitted in general medical wards/ attended outpatient department were selected randomly for the study and were further divided into cases i.e diabetics with microvascular complications and controls i.e with out complications.Detailed history, thorough clinical examination, and relevant biochemical investigations were obtained from all patients. RESULTS: The study included 100 patients, with 63 percent having normal magnesium levels and the remaining 37 percent having hypomagnesemia. Among the 37% of hypomagnesemic people, 81 percent were cases and 18.9% were controls. In 50 percent of the cases, hypomagnesemia was discovered. In cases of hypomagesemia, 3.3 percent have one complication, 86 percent have two complications, and 10% have all three. In patients with normal magnesium levels, 63% have one complication, 33.3 percent have two complications, and 3.3 percent have all three. Patients with one complication are more in the normomagnesemia group, whereas patients with two complications are more in the hypomagnesemia group. Patients who have all three complications are more likely to be hypomagnesemic. CONCLUSIONS: There is signicant prevalence of low serum magnesium level in individuals with diabetes mellitus . Hypomagnesemia is signicantly associated with microvascular complications in type2 diabetes mellitus patients .