CROSS SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO KNOW THE PREVALENCE OF MICROALBUMINURIA AND MACROALBUMINURIA, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA AND PREVALENCE OF CAROTID PLAQUES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL KOLKATA, WEST BENGAL.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is often associated with various coexisting comorbidities like-hypertension and dyslipidemia. They are very much associated with ASCVD. Effects of diabetes are more predicting. If we can control multiple risk factors besides Diabetes, we will be able to tackle the ASCVD more efficiently & effectively. The other risk factors for ASCVD like Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and obesity are prevalent in our country. There is a combination of 5 risk factors collectively named as syndrome X including Hypertension (BP >130/85 mm Hg), insulin resistant DM, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL cholesterol and increased Waist hip ratio. Syndrome X predispose to atherosclerotic changes in the carotids. High blood pressure is reported in over two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes, and its development coincides with the development of hyperglycaemia . Dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) (prevalence > 75%) and is mainly a mixed dyslipidemia [increase in triglycerides (TGs), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particles](2) . It was also reported that microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria increased the mortality rate by 60 – 80% –(3) . Albuminuria can be measured by urinary Albumin-to Creatinine ratio (ACR) in a random spot urine collection–(4) . The carotid IMT is significantly higher in diabetic patients than that in non-diabetic patients(5) , and the increased IMT can predict future events of silent brain infarction and coronary heart disease in the patients with T2DM(6). Our objective is to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, hypertension, dyslipidemia, Diabetic kidney disease (serum Cr>1.5) and presence of plaque in carotid arteries in type 2 diabetes patients in our country. Another objective was to find out the distribution of glycemic parameters (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) and BMI among study groups.