EXPRESSION OF S100 PROTEIN AND CD1A MARKER IN LESIONS OF LEPROSY

Abstract

Background: Leprosy rst described in ancient Indian texts is a nonfatal, chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Histological diagnosis is deemed the gold standard for diagnosis of leprosy. Immunohistochemical markers play an important role in monitoring of progression of the disease and effect of treatment. SlOO protein was produced robustly and continuously in macrophages from Lepromatous leprosy patients' lesions. Distinguishing characteristics of LCs suggested that their expression of langerin may enable them to capture certain antigens when they reach the epidermal layers, and that at least some of these antigens might be delivered to CD1a-restricted T cells. In the present study, both S100 protein and CD1a expression has been studied on 38 cases of leprosy cases for assessing the hypothesis. Objectives: Histopathological differentiation of types of leprosy and correlate the expression of S100 protein and CD1a antibody. This study Methodology: was conducted in Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, & Associated Hospitals, Bhopal between 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Skin biopsies received in Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal. Information was taken from requisition forms received in Department of Pathology. History of cases was also taken through case les and interview. The samples were processed for histopathology evaluation and immunohistochemistry staining for S100 and Cd1a. In Results: our study, out of 38, 52.63% cases were diagnosed to be Indeterminate leprosy followed by 23.68 cases of Tuberculoid leprosy , Borderline tuberculoid and Lepromatous leprosy cases were 13.16% and 10.53% in numbers respectively. Cross tabulation for S100 positivity as per histological diagnosis showing that all Lepromatous leprosy cases gave positive expression for this IHC marker whereas all Tuberculoid leprosy cases were negative. Out of 5 cases of BT, 3 were S100 positive and 2 out of 20 cases of IL gave positivity. All Tuberculoid cases (except 1) gave positivity for CD1a and all Lepromatous cases were negative. Out of 20 IL cases, 9 gave positivity. All 5 BT cases gave positivity. Owing to treatment, early or late presentations, Summary: immunological status of the host, histo-morphology may vary as well, however, it remains to be the gold standard of diagnosis. Our study evaluated the role IHC markers namely S100 and CD1a as an ancillary technique to support histopathological diagnosis and guide early and more specic diagnosis in early leprosy cases, assess host's immune status as well as hint towards transition through the spectrum.