PREVALENCE AND FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOMES IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AT A TERTIARY CARE HSOPITAL

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy with or without remission after the end of pregnancy. Worldwide prevalence of GDM is reported between 1.4 – 14 percent. The data regarding prevalence and outcomes of GDM will help in planning and allocation of resources and the preventive strategies at the hospital and community level. There are few studies conducted in this region describing the prevalence, associated risk factors, maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with GDM. This was retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India. Data was obtained from January 2018 to January 2019. Women between 24-28 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The information collected included the following parameters: age, residence status, gravid status, family history of diabetes or history of diabetes in first degree relative, past history of GDM. Neonatal outcomes like stillbirths, macrosomia, hyperbilirubinemia were recorded. Most common age of presentation of GDM was 26-30 years. Gravida < 3 accounted for most of the cases. Urban residents accounted for 55.8% of the cases. Most of the cases of GDM had at least one risk factor like history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Most common adverse maternal outcome was cephalopelvic disproportion followed by Casearean section and least common was abruptio placentae. Most common adverse fetal outcome was hyperbilirubinemia followed by macrosomia and least common was stillbirth. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of GDM will help in preventing maternal and fetal adverse outcomes and delay development of diabetes in high-risk individuals. The prevalence of GDM is going to increase in the near future exponentially, hence there is need for various community-based prevalence studies in different geographical regions of India to determine the exact prevalence and regional differences of GDM.