MULTIPLE MYELOMA: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the accumulation of malignant clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Among its possible causes, exposure to toxins or viruses and in some cases, radiation has been considered, representing around 10% of malignant hematological neoplasms. Chromosomal abnormalities related to the immunoglobulin heavy chain change region located on the long arm of chromosome 14 have been seen. Among its clinical manifestations, bone pain, pathological fractures, anemia, frequent infections, hypercalcemia, kidney failure and episodes of abnormal bleeding will be highlighted. Its diagnosis is based on the demonstration of an increase in plasma cells >10% in the bone marrow. There is no known cure for MM. However, in recent years a stable remission of the disease has been achieved in patients that can last up to several years through a combination of chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.