THE STUDY OF MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THYROID DISORDER: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN INDORE REGION

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorder is very common disorders in pregnancy. It is well established that overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction has adverse effects on mother and the foetus like miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia, polyhydramnios, placental abruption, postpartum haemorrhage, low birth weight, fetal distress, NICU admission. With this background, we are conducting a study to know the effect of thyroid disorder on pregnancy and its maternal and foetal outcome. METHODS: The present study was carried out in Index Medical College, Indore, MP, India in Department of physiology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology. It is a prospective random cross-sectional study done over 180 pregnant women (90 pregnant women with thyroid disorder and 90 with normal thyroid) which includes known cases of thyroid disorder. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), fT3, and fT4 tests were apart from the routine blood sample investigations as per FOGSI-ICOG good clinical practice recommendation. Patients are followed up till delivery, and their obstetrics and perinatal outcomes are noted. RESULTS: In our study prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 10.4%. Out of these 90 patients with thyroid dysfunction, complications associated were pre-eclampsia (14.4%), abortions (13.3%), maternal anaemia (11.1%), preterm labour (7.8%), still birth (5.6%), abruption placenta (4.4%). Out of 90 patients with thyroid dysfunction, foetal complications seen were low birth weight (22.2%), NICU admission (15.6%), hyperbilirubinemia (14.4%) and foetal distress (5.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our result demonstrated that the thyroid disorders during pregnancy have adverse effects on maternal and foetal outcome emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.