ASSOCIATION OF ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX WITH CARDIOVASCULAR AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS IN DIABETIC POPULATION

Abstract

Lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease is much more likely to occur in patients with type II diabetes. Due to rapidly increasing prevalence of Diabetes and its dreadful complications like amputation and associated mortality, it is crucial to screen symptomatic as well as asymptomatic diabetic patients for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) at an early stage. There is immense evidence stating increased risk of coronary vascular disease(CVD) and PAD in diabetics. The risk factors being similar to that of CVD, there is less information available regarding association of Ankle brachial index with individual cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic population. This study was done with the objective to evaluate association of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) with Physical activity level, chronicity of Diabetes Mellitus ,cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic factors. Methods:Type 2 diabetic patients coming to diabetic-endocrinology OPD of tertiary care hospital were evaluated for Fasting Blood Sugar, Serum Total cholesterol and Serum Triglycerides, International Physical Activity Questionnaire- long form (IPAQ LF). ABI was evaluated and interpreted as per guidelines of American Heart Association. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16 software. Results: Total 500 patients (male=271, female=229) with mean age 57.85 (± 9.66) years participated in the study. The association of ABI was statistically signicant with Physical activity level (p= 0.005), chronicity of Diabetes Mellitus (p< 0.001), Glycemic control (p= 0.02), Serum Total Cholesterol (p <0.001) and Serum Triglycerides (p = 0.032). The association of ABI with Waist circumference (p=0.307) and Smoking (p= 0.380) was statistically not signicant. The study also revealed signicant association of ABI with age (<0.001), gender (<0.001), weekly sitting time (p= 0.002), presence of claudication symptom (0.019), annual family income (p= 0.021)and family history of diabetes mellitus (p= <0.001). Conclusions: This study revealed signicant association of Ankle Brachial Index with cardiovascular risk factors and socio-demographic parameters.