1. Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2. Craniofacial Biology Research Group, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
3. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
4. Orthodontic Unit, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.