Sociology of Culture and Civilization, The Human Being, Life in Societies and Cities.

Abstract

Abstract The present study is a comparative sociology of culture addresses correct method of interpreting historical dialogue between culture and civilization. Culture and civilization are Background of life in societies and are bound to education, Construction, power, religion, literature and foreign communication, and the factor of the city and its unique identity is human being. Plato and Aristotle, in Republic and Politics, have investigated human existence in form of culture and civilization. Twenty- one civilizations in paradigm of Toynbee, Will Durant, Sarton and Gustava Le Bon show that city and human being are shaped by analogies of culture and civilization, and Freud has linked connection between soul and civilization shaping of city, societies, individual. The set of cultural and human causes that has shaped existence of human being depends on changing of population, which is in harmony with advancement of culture and emergence of a new kind of them based on causal connection between human soul ,culture , civilization, and existence of human being is found in various dialogues between civilizations and cultures that philosophy of history is study of changes in history within framework of cause and effect of clashes in field of cultures and civilizations that has been shown by universal soul. The issue is whether civilizations have integrated global conflict and has divided states - nations into stable groups of friends and enemies, and current study has shown that any research to chart human-civilian reciprocity and civilization based on positivist approach and methods is paradoxical and mere assumption of unit's origin in existence of civilization to human being can rescue man from this paradox in interpreting culture and civilization of human being, because source of various causes in regular changes of culture and civilization in human soul and in city is unit truth of metaphysical wisdom, faith and will.