Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of The Finnish Type with Crescent Formation: A Challenging Case and Ultrasonographic Findings.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type has been probably observed in Iraqi children, but it was not reported or documented in the scientific literature. The aim of this paper is to report the rare occurrence of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type in association with crescents formation. Interesting ultrasonographic findings are also reported, and an evidence-based therapeutic recommendation for Iraqi patients is described. Patients and methods: A four-month male infant with congenital nephrotic syndrome was referred with a request for therapeutic recommendation. Ultrasound study was performed. The ultrasound specialist thought that the ultrasound diagnosis could be medullary sponge kidney because of the presence of hyperechoic medulla. The ultrasound finding was considered, but the ultrasound specialist diagnosis was not taken as it was not correlated with the clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Results: The ultrasound finding was considered, but the ultrasound specialist diagnosis was not taken as it was not correlated with the clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy showed the classic diagnostic histopathological findings congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. In addition, biopsy showed the rare occurrence of crescents formation in the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. Conclusion: The rare occurrence of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type in association with crescents formation is reported and supplemented with interesting ultrasonographic findings.