Effects of a Single Bout of Interval Hypoxia on Cardiorespiratory Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Author:

Duennwald Tobias1,Bernardi Luciano234,Gordin Daniel23,Sandelin Anna2,Syreeni Anna2,Fogarty Christopher2,Kytö Janne P.2,Gatterer Hannes1,Lehto Markku2,Hörkkö Sohvi5,Forsblom Carol2,Burtscher Martin1,Groop Per-Henrik236,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

2. Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

4. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

5. NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

6. IDI Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Abstract

Hypoxemia is common in diabetes, and reflex responses to hypoxia are blunted. These abnormalities could lead to cardiovascular/renal complications. Interval hypoxia (IH) (5–6 short periods of hypoxia each day over 1–3 weeks) was successfully used to improve the adaptation to hypoxia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested whether IH over 1 day could initiate a long-lasting response potentially leading to better adaptation to hypoxia. In 15 patients with type 1 diabetes, we measured hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HCVRs), ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT-CO2), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), blood pressure, and blood lactate before and after 0, 3, and 6 h of a 1-h single bout of IH. All measurements were repeated on a placebo day (single-blind protocol, randomized sequence). After IH (immediately and after 3 h), hypoxic and HCVR increased, whereas the VRT-CO2 dropped. No such changes were observed on the placebo day. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased, whereas blood lactate decreased after IH. Despite exposure to hypoxia, BRS remained unchanged. Repeated exposures to hypoxia over 1 day induced an initial adaptation to hypoxia, with improvement in respiratory reflexes. Prolonging the exposure to IH (>2 weeks) in type 1 diabetic patients will be a matter for further studies.

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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