Author:
Arar Nedal H.,Hazuda Helen P.,Plaetke Rosemarie,Sartorio Valeria,Arar Mazen Y.,Abboud Hanna E.
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) clusters in families with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a genetic susceptibility for its development and progression. We investigated DN probands’ and relatives’: 1) perceptions of the causes and clustering of DN and 2) recognition of their genetic susceptibility and of other selected risk factors.
Research methods. Structured interviews were conducted with 246 Mexican-American participants in the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND) study using the Contextual Assessment Approach Questionnaire (CAA-Q). A total of 105 (43%) DN probands and 141 (57%) first-degree relatives were enrolled. Subjects averaged 56 years of age (range: 33–76; SD: 9.04); 62% were females. Data analysis included both qualitative and quantitative methods using Atlas.ti and SPSS 9.0 software packages.
Results. Eighty-three percent of subjects recognized that type 2 diabetes clusters in their family, while 63% asserted that DN did not. Fifty-three percent of diabetic relatives presented with a high urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (≥0.03) and were unaware of having DN (P ≤0.05). All subjects viewed DN as a component of type 2 diabetes and not a separate disease entity. More than 80% of the subjects considered ethnicity but not age of onset or sex as risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes or DN.
Conclusion. Participants viewed type 2 diabetes and DN in the context of health behaviors related to their everyday activities. They considered DN to be part of diabetes with no direct genetic predisposition and not a separate entity. Diabetic relatives under-estimated their risks for developing DN and were not engaged in preventive measures to reduce these risks. We recommend that health professionals consider these findings when interacting with high-risk diabetic patients. DN is a serious complication of diabetes that requires special care, education, prevention, and management.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine
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