1. 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3. 3Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
4. 4Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
5. 5Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest and Heart Hospital, Liverpool, U.K.
6. 6Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark