GLP-2 Regulation of Dietary Fat Absorption and Intestinal Chylomicron Production via Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Signaling

Abstract

Postprandial dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition commonly associated with insulin-resistant states, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by the overproduction of intestinal chylomicron particles and excess atherogenic chylomicron remnants in circulation. We have previously shown that glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) augments dietary fat uptake and chylomicron production in insulin-resistant states; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have implicated nitric oxide (NO) in the absorptive actions of GLP-2. In this study, we report a novel role for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)–mediated NO generation in lipid uptake and chylomicron formation based on studies in C57BL/6J mice, nNOS−/− mice, and Syrian golden hamsters after intraduodenal and oral fat administration. GLP-2 treatment in wild-type (WT) mice significantly increased postprandial lipid accumulation and circulating apolipoprotein B48 protein levels, while these effects were abolished in nNOS−/− mice. nNOS inhibition in Syrian golden hamsters and protein kinase G (PKG) inhibition in WT mice also abrogated the effect of GLP-2 on postprandial lipid accumulation. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism in which nNOS-generated NO is crucial for GLP-2–mediated lipid absorption and chylomicron production in both mouse and hamster models. Overall, our data implicate an nNOS-PKG–mediated pathway in GLP-2–mediated stimulation of dietary fat absorption and intestinal chylomicron production.