Adherence to the American Diabetes Association’s Glycemic Goals in the Treatment of Diabetes Among Older Americans, 2001–2018

Author:

Le Phuc1ORCID,Ayers Gina2,Misra-Hebert Anita D.13ORCID,Herzig Shoshana J.4,Herman William H.56ORCID,Shaker Victoria A.1,Rothberg Michael B.1

Affiliation:

1. Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH

2. Department of Pharmacy and Center for Geriatric Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH

3. Healthcare Delivery and Implementation Science Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH

4. Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

5. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI

6. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To assess trends in HbA1c and appropriateness of diabetes medication use by patient health status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analysis of 2001–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We included older adults age ≥65 years who had ever been told they had diabetes, had HbA1c >6.4%, or had fasting plasma glucose >125 mg/dL. Health status was categorized as good, intermediate, or poor. Being below goal was defined as taking medication despite having HbA1c ≥1% below the glycemic goals of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which varied by patient health status and time period. Drugs associated with hypoglycemia included sulfonylureas, insulin, and meglitinides. RESULTS We included 3,539 patients. Mean HbA1c increased over time and did not differ by health status. Medication use increased from 59% to 74% with metformin being the most common drug in patients with good or intermediate health and sulfonylureas and insulin most often prescribed to patients with poor health. Among patients taking medications, prevalence of patients below goal increased while prevalence of those above goal decreased from 2001 to 2018. One-half of patients with poor health and taking medications had below-goal HbA1c; two-thirds received drugs associated with hypoglycemia. Patients with poor health who were below goal had 4.9 (95% CI 2.3–10.4) times the adjusted odds of receiving drugs associated with hypoglycemia than healthy patients. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with ADA’s newer Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, HbA1c goals were relaxed but did not differ by health status. Below-goal HbA1c was common among patients with poor health; many were prescribed medications associated with a higher risk of hypoglycemia.

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

Reference40 articles.

1. Classification of older adults who have diabetes by comorbid conditions, United States, 2005-2006;Laiteerapong;Prev Chronic Dis,2012

2. Diabetes in older adults;Kirkman;Diabetes Care,2012

3. Risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in black and white adults with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study;Lee;Diabetes Care,2017

4. Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes;McCoy;JAMA Intern Med,2016

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