Investigating the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia Using Electronic Medical Records in the GoDARTS Bioresource

Author:

Doney Alex S.F.1ORCID,Bonney Wilfred2,Jefferson Emily2,Walesby Katherine E.3,Bittern Rachel2,Trucco Emanuele4,Connelly Peter567,McCrimmon Rory J.1ORCID,Palmer Colin N.A.1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.

2. Health Informatics Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.

3. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K.

4. VAMPIRE Project, Computing, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K.

5. NHS Tayside, Scotland, U.K.

6. Department of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.

7. Department of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, U.K.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on incidence of major dementia subtypes, Alzheimer and vascular dementia, using electronic medical records (EMR) in the GoDARTS bioresource. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland) comprises a large case-control study of type 2 diabetes with longitudinal follow-up in EMR. Dementia case subjects after recruitment were passively identified in the EMR, and using a combination of case note review, an Alzheimer-specific weighted genetic risk score (wGRS), and APOE4 genotype, we validated major dementia subtypes. We undertook a retrospective matched cohort study to determine the risk of type 2 diabetes status for incident dementia accounting for competing risk of death. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes status was associated with a significant risk of any dementia (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.31–1.64), which was attenuated, but still significant, when competing risk of death was accounted for (subdistribution [sd]HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.41). The accuracy of EMR-defined cases of Alzheimer or vascular dementia was high—positive predictive value (PPV) 86.4% and PPV 72.8%, respectively—and wGRS significantly predicted Alzheimer dementia (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.34) but not vascular dementia (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91–1.15). Conversely, type 2 diabetes was strongly associated with vascular dementia (csHR 2.47, 95% C 1.92–3.18) but not Alzheimer dementia, particularly after competing risk of death was accounted for (sdHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.87–1.18). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia but not with an increased risk of Alzheimer dementia and highlights the potential value of bioresources linked to EMR to study dementia.

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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