A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Adolescents

Author:

Kursawe Romy1,Dixit Vishwa D.2,Scherer Philipp E.3,Santoro Nicola1,Narayan Deepak4,Gordillo Ruth3,Giannini Cosimo1,Lopez Ximena5,Pierpont Bridget1,Nouws Jessica1,Shulman Gerald I.678,Caprio Sonia1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

2. Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

3. Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

4. Department of Plastic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

5. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

6. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

7. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

8. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD

Abstract

The innate immune cell sensor leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls the activation of caspase-1, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that adipose tissue inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome are linked to the downregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) adipogenesis/lipogenesis in obese adolescents with altered abdominal fat partitioning. We performed abdominal SAT biopsies on 58 obese adolescents and grouped them by MRI-derived visceral fat to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plus SAT (VAT/VAT+SAT) ratio (cutoff 0.11). Adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT ratio showed higher SAT macrophage infiltration and higher expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome–related genes (i.e., TLR4, NLRP3, IL1B, and CASP1). The increase in inflammation markers was paralleled by a decrease in genes related to insulin sensitivity (ADIPOQ, GLUT4, PPARG2, and SIRT1) and lipogenesis (SREBP1c, ACC, LPL, and FASN). Furthermore, SAT ceramide concentrations correlated with the expression of CASP1 and IL1B. Infiltration of macrophages and upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome together with the associated high ceramide content in the plasma and SAT of obese adolescents with a high VAT/VAT+SAT may contribute to the limited expansion of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose depot and the development of insulin resistance.

Funder

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

American Diabetes Association

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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