Affiliation:
1. Prevention Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Derby, Connecticut.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of daily walnut consumption on endothelial function, cardiovascular biomarkers, and anthropometric measures in type 2 diabetic individuals.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial. Twenty-four participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 58 years; 14 women and 10 men) were randomly assigned to one of the two possible sequence permutations to receive an ad libitum diet enriched with 56 g (366 kcal) walnuts/day and an ad libitum diet without walnuts for 8 weeks. Subjects underwent endothelial function testing (measured as flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) and assessment of cardiovascular biomarkers before and after each 8-week treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was the change in FMD after 8 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included changes in plasma lipids, A1C, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and anthropometric measures.
RESULTS
Endothelial function significantly improved after consumption of a walnut-enriched ad libitum diet compared with that after consumption of an ad libitum diet without walnuts (2.2 ± 1.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.6%; P = 0.04). The walnut-enriched diet increased fasting serum glucose and lowered serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol from baseline (10.0 ± 20.5 mg/dl, P = 0.04; −9.7 ± 14.5 mg/dl, P < 0.01; and −7.7 ± 10 mg/dl, P < 0.01, respectively), although these changes were not significant compared with those for an ad libitum diet without walnuts. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures, plasma A1C, and insulin sensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS
A walnut-enriched ad libitum diet improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in type 2 diabetic individuals, suggesting a potential reduction in overall cardiac risk.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine
Reference24 articles.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing diabetes and its complications [article online], 2008. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/Prevention/diabetes.htm. Accessed 22 July 2009
2. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I;Creager;Circulation,2003
3. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women;Jiang;JAMA,2002
4. Possible benefit of nuts in type 2 diabetes;Jenkins;J Nutr,2008
5. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians' Health Study;Albert;Arch Intern Med,2002
Cited by
176 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献