Effects on Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Lipid Levels of High-Monounsaturated Fat Diet Compared With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in NIDDM Subjects

Author:

Rasmussen Ole W1,Thomsen Claus1,Hansen Klavs W1,Vesterlund Margit1,Winther Eva1,Hermansen Kjeld1

Affiliation:

1. Medical Department M (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Aarhus Community Hospital; Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Aarhus University; and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare the influence on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with an isocaloric, highcarbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied. The patients were randomly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50% of energy as carbohydrate and 30% of energy as fat (10% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids) or an isocaloric diet with 30% of energy as carbohydrate and 50% of energy as fat (30% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids). On the last day of the two diets, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose, hormones, and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates. RESULTS The diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced daytime systolic (131 ± 3 vs. 137 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.04) and 24-h systolic blood pressure (126 ± 8 vs. 130 ± 10 mmHg, P < 0.03) as well as daytime diastolic (78 ± 2 vs. 84 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.02) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure (75 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.03) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence of lowered blood glucose levels on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the highcarbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 6.8 ± 0.5 mM, P < 0.05), lower average blood glucose levels (7.4 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.6 mM, P < 0.04), and peak blood glucose responses (9.9 ± 0.6 vs. 11.3 ± 0.7 mM, P < 0.02). The two diets had the same impact on lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in monounsaturated fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected.

Publisher

American Diabetes Association

Subject

Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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