Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in NIDDM Patients In The Helsinki Heart Study

Abstract

Objective To determine coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence among dyslipidemic subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to assess the effect of lipid-modifying treatment on serum and lipoprotein lipids and the CHD incidence in these patients. Research Design and Methods Of the 4081 men participating in the Helsinki Heart Study, a coronary primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with high non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (> 5.2 mM; 200 mg/dL), 135 had NIDDM at entry. The incidence of definite myocardial infarction and cardiac death and changes in serum and lipoprotein lipids were determined during the 5-yr trial in the NIDDM patients and compared with those observed in nondiabetic trial participants. Results Compared with nondiabetic subjects, NIDDM patients had lower HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), higher triglyceride concentration (P < 0.0001), and greater body mass index (P < 0.001), there were more hypertensive patients (P < 0.001) among them. The incidence of myocardial infarction and cardiac death was significantly higher among diabetic than nondiabetic participants (7.4 vs. 3.3%, respectively, P < 0.02). CHD incidence in the gemfibrozil-treated diabetic men (n = 59) was 3.4% compared with 10.5% in the placebo group (NS). In multivariate analysis, diabetes (P < 0.05), age (P < 0.0001), smoking (P < 0.0001), low HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.005) were independently related to CHD incidence. Gemfibrozil-induced serum and lipoprotein lipid changes in diabetic patients were similar to those observed in nondiabetic subjects. Conclusions Compared with similarly dyslipidemic nondiabetic subjects, patients with NIDDM are at markedly increased risk of CHD. This elevated risk can be somewhat reduced by gemfibrozil.