Affiliation:
1. Department of Medicine, University of Turku Turku
2. Research and Development Centre, Social Insurance Institution Turku
3. Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio Kuopio, Finland
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Studies using the euglycemic clamp technique or the insulin suppression test in relatively small numbers of subjects have suggested that smoking may cause insulin resistance. Our aim was to study the association between smoking status and fasting plasma insulin in a large nondiabetic male population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 616 nondiabetic men aged 45–64 years were taken from a population register. Fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure were measured, and smoking history and medication were evaluated by interview.
RESULTS
Age- and BMI-adjusted insulin levels were significantly higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in nonsmokers (92.4, 86.4, and 78.6 pmol/l, respectively; P = 0.009). In every BMI-tertile, smokers and ex-smokers had higher plasma insulin than nonsmokers. After adjustment for factors potentially affecting insulin sensitivity (hypertension, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, use of β-blockers and/or diuretics, use of vasodilating antihypertensive drugs, physical exercise, alcohol use, parental history of NIDDM, coronary heart disease, and previous myocardial infarction), insulin concentrations were still highest in smokers (91.2 pmol/l), intermediate in ex-smokers (86.8 pmol/l), and lowest in nonsmokers (78.9 pmol/l, P = 0.008 between groups).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that chronic smoking is associated with high age- and BMI-adjusted plasma insulin levels, independent of other factors known to influence insulin sensitivity. The effect of smoking may be partially reversible after quitting.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
Advanced and Specialized Nursing,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine
Cited by
129 articles.
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