1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
2. Statistics and Cancer Control Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
3. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jichi Medical College, Tochigi, Japan
4. Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
5. Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
6. Tama-Hokubu Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
7. Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
8. Department of Biostatistic, Epidemiology and Preventive Health Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
9. The Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan