Pain Intensity and Blood Pressure Reactions During a Cold Pressor Test in IDDM Patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of altered pain perception to the impaired blood pressure reactions during a cold pressor test in diabetic patients. Reduced blood pressure increases have been observed in diabetic patients during a cold pressor test and have been attributed to an impaired efferent sympathetic function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated pain intensities and blood pressure reactions simultaneously during a cold pressor test in 30 IDDM patients (diabetes duration 12 ± 6 years, HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.4%) and in 30 normal control subjects with comparable sex distribution, age, height, BMI, physical fitness, and smoking habits. RESULTS Initial pain intensities and respective time courses did not differ between the two groups. The initial blood pressure response was significantly smaller in diabetic patients (P < 0.002). Correlations of diastolic blood pressure increases in diabetic patients with initial pain intensity, standard cardiovascular reflex tests, age, clock time, smoking habits, disease duration, and actual blood glucose concentrations did not reach statistical significance. Pain intensity and diastolic blood pressure increases, however, were correlated to HbA1c concentrations in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Impaired pain perception is not the cause of the impaired reactions of blood pressure in diabetic patients during the cold pressor test, leaving very early deterioration of either cerebral processing of pain stimuli, cardiac function, efferent sympathetic nerves, or decreased vascular reactivity as possible explanations.