Maternal Serum Triglyceride, Glucose Tolerance, and Neonatal Birth Weight Ratio in Pregnancy: A study within a racially heterogeneous population

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine the value of measuring serum triglyceride (TG) levels early in pregnancy for predicting late-gestation glucose tolerance and neonatal birth weight ratio (BWR) (birth weight corrected for gestational age). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relationships between morning nonfasting TG measured early in pregnancy (gestational age 12 ± 6 weeks [mean ± SD]) and glucose tolerance measured by a 3-h 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) late in pregnancy (gestational age 30 ± 3 weeks) and BWR were investigated in 388 women attending routine antenatal care. The data were analyzed for all women in addition to subgroups of Australian/Western European-born (n = 246) and Asian-born (n = 97) women. RESULTS Morning nonfasting TG positively correlated with the OGTT glucose area under the curve (OGTT-GAUC) (r = 0.23, P < 0.0001) in all subjects. This correlation was stronger in the subset of subjects who had TG measured between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation (r = 0.35, P = 0.0001) and was particularly strong in Asian-born women who had TG measured within this period (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Mean TG and the 2- and 3-h OGTT values were higher in Asian-born subjects compared with Australian/Western European-born subjects (P = 0.004, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.02, respectively). TG correlated positively with BWR in all subjects (r = 0.12, P = 0.02), in Asian-born subjects (r = 0.23, P = 0.02), and in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (r = 0.60, P = < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TG, if measured between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation, has moderate predictive value for subsequent glucose tolerance in pregnancy. TG is also predictive of BWR in GDM subjects. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of early TG measurement in the screening and management of GDM. Metabolic heterogeneity exists between Asian-born and Australian/Western European-born women, the significance of which is still unclear and warrants further study.